The Mongols had already wrecked Eastern Europe prior to Kublai becoming the Great Khan, and most of the This girl loves her Atlanta Falcons Hearts diamond mascot 2024 shirt north and east of the Black Sea were under the control of the Golden Horde. The Mongols had proven that they could not only take the castles of Europe, but also beat its armies soundly. That’s where the technically yes part comes in. Based on what we saw, the Mongols were entirely capable of defeating the western European powers and invade Europe. But the key thing is that as I mentioned, the lands to the north and east of the Black Sea were ruled by the Golden Horde. By the time Kublai became Great Khan, the Mongol Empire was functionally four different realms. There was obviously Mongolia and China, which were Kublai’s domains, but there was also the Chagatai Khanate in Central Asia, the aforementioned Golden Horde in eastern Russia, and the Ilkhanate in Persia. The three latter khanates nominally owed loyalty to Kublai, and indeed the Ilkhanate was originally founded and ruled by his brother Hulaagu, but the fact was that they were independent and did what they wanted. For the most part. This is where the logically no part comes in. Kublai came to power after a civil war with his younger brother Ariq Boke, and the war essentially solidified the independent nature of the other three Khanates. To sum up a long answer, yes the Mongols could have done it if they wanted to, but they didn’t because of their own political situation and the fact that Kublai was a sinophile who ended up adopting the Chinese culture and system because it suited his needs and ambition.
Kublai had cannon, Genghis did not. Kublai had managed to recruit Chin artillerymen and Godzilla Kong The New Empire The Movie Shirt metallurgists who were able to produce his cannon and then, train his tumans to operate them. Kublai also had learned from the knights of Russia and Europe and so, his horsemen were not just archers but lancers also. So they would alternate between the lance and bow, depending on what they faced. The European armies consisted of crossbowmen and pikemen as well as cavalry, of course. Kublai’s tactic was to switch when it was advantageous, so the knights would charge with lance and the Mongols would stage a false retreat, shooting the knights down as they went. Then, when the knights were nullified, they would charge the crossbowmen. The pikemen would come to the fore and the Mongols would switch to the bow. Because the pikemen needed both hands to wield their pikes, they had to put aside their shields which they used to defend from archers so they were vulnerable to Kublai’s horse-archers. Then the crossbowmen would advance to answer the arrows and the tuman would ride them down with lances. And so, they would wear down armies in such fashion, switching to exploit the weaknesses of their enemies.
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